1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 23 24

II. History

Colby et al. [13] performed in 2012 a review of the history of AVMs, from their very beginning until today. We highlight chronologically some of the most fundamental aspects of this long history [13]:
 Mid-1700s - John Hunter (1728–1793) described the clinical characteristics of extracranial AVMs.
 1863 - Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) described many of the common intracranial vascular pathologic entities, including AVMs.
 1889 - Davide Giordano (1864–1954) - the first report of a palliative treatment of a true cerebral AVM by ligation of a left parietal feeding artery.
 1889 – Jules-Émile Péan (1830 – 1898) - the first complete excision of a cerebral AVM was made by the famous French surgeon J-E Péan. [112]
 1914 - Vilhelm Magnus (1871–1929) was probably the first to treat cerebral AVMs with radiation using conventional fractionated radiation.
 1927 - Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (1874–1955) performed the first successful cerebral angiogram by injecting contrast into the carotid artery of patients. A major advance for the diagnosis and understanding of AVMs.
 1928 - Walter Dandy (1886–1946) and Harvey Cushing (1869–1939) with Percival Bailey (1892–1973) - independently reported a series of AVMs treated before the introduction of angiography, with primarily catastrophic results in both series.
 1932 - Herbert Olivecrona (1891–1980) was the second to successfully remove an AVM. He introduced the technique of ligating superficial feeding vessels and then working in a circumferential fashion until the deep portion of the AVM was dissected and separated from the brain. The AVM draining veins were ligated as a final step.
 1932 to 1957 - Gazi Yasargil (born 1925) compiled information from the literature on 500 AVMs: operative mortality for “small” AVMs was 5% and for “moderate-size” AVMs was 10%.
 1950s - Leonard Malis (1919–1995) devised and constructed bipolar coagulation forceps.
 1951 - Lars Leksell (1907–1986) described the radiosurgery, using a cyclotron.
 Early-1960s - Luessenhop and William Spence (1908–1992) - developed largely, endovascular techniques conceptualizing the blockage of hypertrophied, abnormal feeding vessels, by direct puncture of target vessels to introduce catheters and embolic material.
 1960s - The introduction of the operative microscope and the resulting development of microsurgical instruments and microsurgical techniques
 1966 - George Perret and Hiro Nishioka – initiated the study of AVM natural history reporting an analysis of 545 cases of cerebral AVMs and fistulae with a hemorrhage rate of 1.5%per year.
 1968 - Leksell introduced the first Gamma Knife using cobalt sources.
 1969 - Yasargil – published the first microsurgical AVM series, and his results were excellent.
 1971 - Atkinson Morley’s Hospital in England – first clinical CT scan on a patient.
 1974 – Fedor Serbinenko (1928–2002) – in the endovascular field, described the balloon catheterization and occlusion of intracranial vessels.
 1976 - Charles Kerber - in the endovascular field, described a calibrated leak balloon system for flow-directed catheter guidance and administration of contrast and cyanoacrylate embolic material.
 1977 - Downstate Medical Center in New York - first clinical MRI on a patient.
 1986 - Robert Spetzler and Neil Martin developed the important AVM classification scheme based on lesion size, venous drainage, and eloquence of involved brain.
 1990s - development of functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging to map eloquent areas of brain and their relationship to the lesion.
 1991 - Osvaldo Betti and colleagues introduced the radiosurgery using LINAC (linear accelerator)
 End-2010s - Intraoperative fluorescence video angiography using indocyanine green (ICG).

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 23 24